WildRelay

Sources and credits

Here you can find WildRelay's technical references, data attributions and the people and organisations developing the project.

Bibliography

Official manuals, scientific papers, reports, standards, manufacturer documentation and territorial data. Each reference states its source type, area of use and, where available, a link to the publication. Citations remain in their original language. A bibliography entry does not imply that a source is used directly in every calculation.

Official manuals (48)

  1. Bacchini, M. (revised by Segneghi & Zenoni, CNVVF) — Principi di idraulica, Manuale di formazione di base AIB, booklet 9a, Regione del Veneto, Direzione Foreste ed Economia Montana, ed. 2010, 38 pp.

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    hydraulics and the quick method
    Open the publication

  2. Cabildo de Gran Canaria — Módulo de Autobombas (official regional training module), undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  3. De Angelis, L. — Idraulica applicata ai servizi antincendi e impianti fissi antincendio, Ministero dell'Interno – Corpo Nazionale dei Vigili del Fuoco (didactic manual, Laboratorio di Idraulica Applicata di Capannelle), 2007

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  4. Federazione dei Corpi VVF Volontari del Trentino / Scuola Provinciale Antincendi — Idraulica pompe e tubi – dispensa V1 (Corso di base VVF volontari), 2012

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  5. Feuerwehr Koordination Schweiz (FKS/CSSP) / GVL — Richtlinie Versorgung mit Löschwasser, 2019-10

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  6. Hessische Landesfeuerwehrschule — Löschwasserförderung (Lernunterlage F-IV, v003), 2019-08-14

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  7. Landesfeuerwehrschule Baden-Württemberg — Löschwasserversorgung (F4 Zugführer Lernunterlage), February 2026

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  8. Österreichischer Bundesfeuerwehrverband — ÖBFV-RL VB-01: Die Löschwasserversorgung, 2. Ausgabe, 1999 (a 2023 edition exists, not retrievable)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  9. Staatliche Feuerwehrschulen Bayern — Wasserförderung über lange Schlauchstrecken (Lernunterlage 5.008), undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  10. National Wildfire Coordinating Group — S-211 Portable Pumps and Water Use, Student Workbook, NFES 003028, March 2012 (course last revised Jan 2021)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    pumps and relay
    Open the publication

  11. NWCG — Incident Response Pocket Guide (IRPG), PMS 461, 2025 edition

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    pumps and relay
    Open the publication

  12. NWCG / USDA Forest Service Technology & Development Program — Water Handling Equipment Guide (WHEG), PMS 447-1, NFES 001275, 6th ed., June 2013

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    pumps and relay
    Open the publication

  13. Home Office, Fire and Emergency Planning Directorate — Fire Service Manual, Volume 1: Fire Service Technology, Equipment and Media — Hydraulics, Pumps and Water Supplies, Crown Copyright 2001, ISBN 0 11 341216 9 (replaces Manual of Firemanship Book 7)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  14. NSW RFS — Cat 2 Tanker Appliance Operating Manual (2003–2007 Models)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  15. NSW RFS, Learning & Development Systems — Cat 1 Tanker Appliance Operating Manual (2003–2007 Models)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  16. NSW RFS, Learning & Development Systems — Cat 7 Tanker Appliance Operating Manual (2003–2008 Models), © 2008 NSW Government

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  17. Regione del Veneto, Direzione Foreste ed Economia Montana — Mezzi ed attrezzature, Manuale di formazione di base AIB, vol. 6, ed. 2009 (≈ 2010)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    symbology and tactics
    Open the publication

  18. Agenzia per l'Italia Digitale — Linee guida sull'accessibilità degli strumenti informatici (edizione PA), adottate con Determinazione 117/2022, 39 pp.

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  19. DGSCGC (SDIS 70 mirror) — GTO Établissements et techniques d'extinction, 2018

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  20. DGSCGC (union mirror) — GNR Manœuvres feux de forêts, 2016, superseded 25/06/2021

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  21. DGSCGC / Ministère de l'Intérieur — GNR Techniques Professionnelles Feux de Forêts, undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  22. ENASIS (training e-learning platform) — Tableau de pertes de charge, modified 2025

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  23. Escola Nacional de Bombeiros — Manual Combate a Incêndios Florestais, undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  24. Escola Nacional de Bombeiros — Manual Hidráulica, undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  25. Escola Nacional de Bombeiros — Manual Manobras de Mangueiras e Motobombas, undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  26. INFOEX / Junta de Extremadura — Manual Básico del Bombero Forestal en Extremadura, 2020

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  27. ManualsLib mirror — Rosenbauer FOX 3 manual listing (532279-001)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  28. MITECO — Dossier técnico incendios forestales, undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  29. Portuguese State — Diário da República, 2.ª série, curriculum de formação de bombeiros, 2021

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  30. Regione Calabria — Piano AIB 2025, 2025

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  31. Regione Toscana — La lotta attiva agli incendi boschivi: manuale per la formazione di base, undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  32. Union Départementale des Sapeurs-Pompiers de l'Essonne — Calculer perte de charge pompier, undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  33. Union Départementale des Sapeurs-Pompiers du Rhône — UV JSP3 INC-C1: Notions élémentaires d'hydraulique, V2, 2022

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  34. FireTrainingToolbox.com — Friction Loss Formula for Fire Hydraulics – Cheat Sheet, 2026

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  35. National Wildfire Coordinating Group — Firefighter Math §3.3, Table 3.3 "Friction Loss of Forestry Hose" (psi per 100 ft by flow, split by hose construction and manufacturer) — screen capture, not the source page or PDF

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  36. National Wildfire Coordinating Group — Firefighter Math §3.5 "Drafting Guidelines" (with §3.3, §3.4, §3.6 and Tables 3.1–3.2 archived alongside)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  37. NWCG / USDA Forest Service — Foam vs. Fire: Primer, PMS 446-2 / NFES 2270 (SDTDC 9251-1209), 1992, 15 pp.; companion Foam vs. Fire: Aerial Applications, PMS 446-3 (9551-1209), 1995, 29 pp.

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  38. PumpForge (fire-service training site) — Fire Hose Friction Loss Chart (PSI per 100 ft), undated

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  39. USDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology & Development Center — Anadromous Fish Strainers for Use in Wildland Drafting Operations, 0351-1203, 2003

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  40. BC Wildfire Service — S-100 Training Standard, Version 2026.1, effective 1 May 2026

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  41. CIFFC Training Working Group — Canadian Wildland Fire Glossary, 24 April 2023 (35 pp.); 2021 edition (18 March 2021) identical on all pump / hose terms; a 29 April 2026 edition exists but could not be fetched

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  42. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources — Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol, 2011, 24 pp., ISBN 978-1-4249-5545-9

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  43. FESA (WA) — Operate Pumps PUAFIR309 Training Resource Kit, Section 2 "Pump Principles", v4.0, Jan 2012

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  44. FESA (WA) — Operate Pumps PUAFIR309, Section 3 "Pump Ancillary Equipment", v4.0, Jan 2012

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  45. New Zealand Qualifications Authority / The Skills Organisation — Unit Standard 20386 v3, Operate portable pumps for firefighting, 30 Sep 2021 (orig. 2004)

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  46. Yallingup Rural Volunteer Bush Fire Brigade (WA) — Hose Work training notes

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  47. Communities and Local Government / TSO — Fire and Rescue Manual, Volume 2: Fire Service Operations — Incident Command, 3rd edition 2008, 150 pp.

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  48. Scottish Government (gov.scot) / CFOA — Fire and Rescue Service Wildfire Operational Guidance, 21 Oct 2013

    Type
    Official manuals
    Use
    operational context
Standards (40)

  1. ANSI/HI 9.6.1 (Hydraulic Institute) — Rotodynamic pumps — Guideline for NPSH margin — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  2. API 610 / ISO 13709 — Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries (wear-ring clearance tables) — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  3. AS 2792-1992 (R2017) — Fire hose — Delivery layflat — 2nd ed. 1992, reconfirmed 20 Jan 2017 (ISBN 0 7262 7517 4)

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  4. AS/NZS 1221:1997 (R2020) — Fire hose reels — 1997, reconfirmed 2020

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  5. BS 336:2010 — Fire hose couplings and ancillary equipment (British instantaneous) — 2010

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  6. BS 6391:2009 — Specification for non-percolating layflat delivery hoses and hose assemblies for fire fighting purposes — 28 Feb 2009

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  7. CAN/ULC-S518-11 — Standard for Cotton-Synthetic Non-Percolating Forestry Hose — 2nd ed. 2011; reaffirmed 2024 (no technical changes)

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  8. CAN/ULC-S518.1-11 — Standard for Synthetic Non-Percolating Forestry Hose — 2011 ("First Edition" header / "Second Edition" body — bulletin internally inconsistent); reaffirmed 2024

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  9. CAN/ULC-S519 — Standard for Cotton-Synthetic Percolating Forestry Hose — reaffirmed 2024 ("no new revisions")

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  10. CAN/ULC-S519.1-14 — Standard for Synthetic Percolating Forestry Hose — 2nd ed. June 2014; reaffirmed 2024

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  11. CIFFC Fire Equipment Working Group — "Section 5, Performance Standards for Pumps", April 1994 — Canadian interagency pump performance standard — 1994

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  12. D.M. 10/03/1998 (G.U. n. 81, 7/04/1998) — Criteri generali di sicurezza antincendio … — hose maintenance / storage rules — 1998

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  13. DIN 14420 — Feuerlöschkreiselpumpen (pre-2002 German pump standard) — superseded by EN 1028

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  14. DIN 14810 (with EN ISO 14557 for suction hose lines with couplings; tested per DGUV Grundsatz 305-002) — Feuerlöschschläuche — Saugschläuche (suction hoses) — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  15. DIN 14811 — Feuerlöschschläuche — Druckschläuche (pressure hoses) — 2014 status (per Wikipedia DE)

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  16. DIN-FEN 14200 (as cited by ÖBFV) — nozzle discharge formula Q_sa = 0.2·d²·√H — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  17. EN 1846-1/2/3; EN 1777; EN 14043; EN 14044 — Firefighting and rescue service vehicles; hydraulic platforms; turntable ladders — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  18. ISO 3046-1 — Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Performance — Part 1: Declarations of power, fuel and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  19. NFPA 1142 — Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Firefighting — current

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  20. NFPA 1906 — Standard for Wildland Fire Apparatus — current (edition not established)

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  21. NFPA 1961; NFPA 1964; NFPA 1901 — Fire hose; spray nozzles; automotive fire apparatus — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  22. NFPA 1962 — Standard for the Care, Use, Inspection, Service Testing, and Replacement of Fire Hose, Couplings, Nozzles, and Fire Hose Appliances — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  23. NFPA 20; NFPA 1144 (formerly NFPA 299); NFPA 1561 — Installation of stationary pumps for fire protection; protecting life and property from wildfire; emergency services incident management system — NFPA 20 (2022) cited by FPInnovations

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  24. NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 16th ed.; IFSTA Fire Stream Practices, 7th ed.; IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook — reference handbooks (copyrighted textbooks) — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  25. NZS PAS 4505 — Specification for firefighting waterway equipment (NZ couplings / threads, e.g. ND43 & ND44/3, ND13 & ND20/3) — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  26. ÖNORM F 1065 — Austrian portable pump classes — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  27. SAE J1349 — Engine Power Test Code — Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition — As Installed Net Power Rating — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  28. UNI 10779; UNI EN 12845:2005 (supersedes UNI 9490); UNI 11423:2011; UNI EN 16712-3:2015 — Reti di idranti; sprinkler systems; lance erogatrici DN 70 for hydrants (max 1.2 MPa); portable foam branchpipes PN 16 (classes S1–S8 low-expansion / M0.5–M8 medium-expansion at 5 bar reference, colour-coded 200 → yellow, 400 → red, 800 → blue) — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  29. UNI 804, UNI 810, UNI 811, UNI 7421 — Raccordi per tubazioni flessibili antincendio (materials, test methods, designations of threaded couplings, madreviti, tappi) — ed. 2007 (per IT-1)

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  30. UNI 9487 — Manichette antincendio (UNI 45 / UNI 70 flexible hoses) — April 1989 (per Wikipedia IT); "UNI 9487:2006 → D 70 mm" per COAIB

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  31. UNI EN 1028-1 — Fire-fighting pumps — Fire-fighting centrifugal pumps with primer — Part 1: Classification, general and safety requirements — EN 1028-1:2002+A1:2008

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  32. UNI EN 1028-2 — Part 2: Verification of general and safety requirements — EN 1028-2:2002+A1:2008

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  33. UNI EN 14466 — Fire-fighting pumps — Portable pumps — Safety and performance requirements, tests — EN 14466:2005+A1:2008

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  34. UNI EN 14540 — Fire hoses — Non-percolating layflat hoses for fixed systems — EN 14540:2014 (Italian adoption Dec 2007 per Wikipedia IT, 2006 per COAIB)

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  35. UNI EN 15182-1 / -2 / -3 (a Part 4 "PN40 high-pressure lances" is described by the Sapin monograph only) — Portable equipment for projecting extinguishing agents supplied by fire-fighting pumps — Hand-held branchpipes for fire service use — Part 1: 2007/2010; Part 2: 2019; Part 3: 2007

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  36. UNI EN 1947 / BS EN 1947 — Fire-fighting hoses — Semi-rigid delivery hoses and hose assemblies for pumps and vehicles — EN 1947:2014 (BS published 31 July 2014)

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  37. UNI EN 671-1 / -2 / -3 — Fixed firefighting systems — Hose systems (reels with semi-rigid hose; hydrant systems with layflat hose; maintenance) — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards

  38. USDA Forest Service — Specification 5100-307b, Wildland Firefighting Foam, 6 May 2021, 27 pp.

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards
    Open the publication

  39. USDA Forest Service Specification 5100-187c — Fire Hose, Lightweight Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket — March 2006 (supersedes 5100-187b, Aug 2003)

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards
    Open the publication

  40. USDA Forest Service Specifications 5100-274 (274C/E) and 5100-273 (273e) — the 5100-274 primary text was obtained on 2026-08-24, editions F (2024) and e (2009): see US-USFS-SPEC-5100-274F-2024 — Lightweight portable pump (QPL 5100-274; Mark-3 requalified 2015 and 08/04/2023) and engine-driven pump qualification; 100-hour endurance test at San Dimas — —

    Type
    Standards
    Use
    standards
Papers (31)

  1. Colebrook, C.F. — "Turbulent flow in pipes, with particular reference to the transition region between the smooth and rough pipe laws", Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1939, 11(4), 133–156

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    friction losses

  2. Idelchik, I.E. — Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance, Hemisphere Publishing, 1986 (later CRC editions); K-values taken from EngineeringToolbox / Neutrium-class compilations of Idelchik / Crane TP-410 lineage

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    friction losses

  3. Pump affinity laws Q ∝ N, H ∝ N², P ∝ N³ — canonical pump-engineering relation (corroborated via EngineeringToolbox / ScienceDirect Topics-class references; no single document fetched)

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    friction losses

  4. Scheffey, J.L., Forssell, E.W., Benfer, M.E. — Determination of Fire Hose Friction Loss Characteristics — Final Report, Fire Protection Research Foundation (research by Hughes Associates), Quincy MA, April 2012, rev. Oct 2013; journal version Fire Technology, 2016

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    friction losses
    Open the publication

  5. Swamee, P.K. & Jain, A.K. — "Explicit equations for pipe-flow problems", Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1976, 102(5), 657–664

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    friction losses

  6. Ortega, M., López Sancho, A. & Molina, J.R. — "Fire suppression effectiveness and efficiency assessment in southern Spain", International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2026, 35, WF25149, doi:10.1071/WF25149, 17 pp., open access CC BY-NC-ND

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  7. Ortega, M., Rodríguez y Silva, F. & Molina, J.R. — "Fireline production rate of handcrews in wildfires of the Spanish Mediterranean region", International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2023, 32(11), 1503–1514, doi:10.1071/WF22087, 12 pp., open access CC BY-NC-ND

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  8. Fernandes, P.M., Sil, Â., Ascoli, D., Cruz, M.G., Alexander, M.E., Rossa, C.G., Baeza, J., Burrows, N., Davies, G.M., Fidelis, A., Gould, J.S., Govender, N., Kilinc, M. & McCaw, L. — “Drivers of wildland fire behaviour variation across the Earth”, in Viegas, D.X. (ed.) Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018, Coimbra University Press, pp. 1267–1270, chapter doi:10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_154

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  9. Rahn, M. — Initial Attack Effectiveness: Wildfire Staffing Study, Wildfire Research Report No. 2 / 2010 California Wildfire Staffing Study, San Diego State University (Montezuma Publications), 2010

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  10. Ascoli, D., Moris, J., Sil, Â. & Fernandes, P. — “Using the Rothermel Package in R to Test Standard and Custom Fuel Models against Global Fire Behavior Data”, Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 2022, 17(1), 86, doi:10.3390/environsciproc2022017086, open access CC BY. Presented at the Third International Conference on Fire Behavior and Risk, Sardinia, 3–6 May 2022

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  11. Ascoli, D., Passamani, C., Moris, J.V., Spadoni, G., Gamba, R. & Rainsford, F. (2026) D1.2 Fuel Type Map at the national scale; D1.3 Fuel model map parameterized for Rothermel-based fire behaviour applications, PRIN PNRR Project FIRE-BOX (P2022MXRK9), WP1 leader UNITO

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  12. Ascoli, D., Vacchiano, G., Scarpa, C., Arca, B., Barbati, A., Battipaglia, G., Elia, M., Esposito, A., Garfì, V., Lovreglio, R., Mairota, P., Marchetti, M., Marchi, E., Meytre, S., Ottaviano, M., Pellizzaro, G., Rizzolo, R., Sallustio, L., Salis, M., Sirca, C., Valese, E., Ventura, A. & Bacciu, V. — "Harmonized dataset of surface fuels under Alpine, temperate and Mediterranean conditions in Italy. A synthesis supporting fire management", iForest — Biogeosciences and Forestry, 2020, 13, 513–522, doi:10.3832/ifor3587-013, open access

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  13. Byram, G.M. — chapters 3 and 4 ("Combustion of forest fuels") in Davis, K.P. (ed.) Forest Fire: Control and Use, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1959

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context

  14. Campbell-Lochrie, Z., Gallagher, M., Skowronski, N. & Hadden, R.M. — “The effect of fuel bed structure on Rothermel model performance”, International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2024, 33(1), doi:10.1071/WF23046, 13 pp., open access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  15. Crapo, W.F. — Fire Protection Hydraulics and Water Supply, 3rd ed. (revised), Jones & Bartlett Learning

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context

  16. Finney, M.A. & Grumstrup, T.P. — "Effect of flame zone depth on the correlation of flame length with fireline intensity", International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2023, 32(7), 1135–1147, doi:10.1071/WF22096, 13 pp.

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  17. Gamba, R., Passamani, C., Moris, J.V., Spadoni, G.L., Rainsford, F. & Ascoli, D. (2026) D1.1 Fuel type classification and national fuel dataset, PRIN PNRR Project FIRE-BOX (P2022MXRK9), NRRP Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.1, WP1 leader UNITO

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  18. Grieve, S.W.D., Mudd, S.M. et al. — "Determining the optimal grid resolution for topographic analysis on an airborne lidar dataset", Earth Surface Dynamics, 2019, 7, 475–489, open access

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  19. Gumieniak, R.J., Shaw, J., Gledhill, N. & Jamnik, V.K. — "Physical employment standard for Canadian wildland fire fighters; identifying and characterising critical initial attack response tasks", Ergonomics, 2018

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  20. Hansen, R. — "Estimating the amount of water required to extinguish wildfires under different conditions and in various fuel types", International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2012, 21(5), 525–536

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  21. Hilton, J.E., Sullivan, A., Plucinski, M. & Swedosh, W. — “A water suppression model for wildfires”, 24th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM 2021), Sydney, December 2021, pp. 358–364

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  22. Penney, G., Habibi, D., Cattani, M. & Carter, M. — "Calculation of Critical Water Flow Rates for Wildfire Suppression", Fire, 2019, 2(1), 3

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  23. Penney, G., Habibi, D., et al. — "Calculation of Critical Water Flow Rates for Wildfire Suppression", Fire (MDPI), 2019, 2(1), 3 (open-access copy at Edith Cowan University, ro.ecu.edu.au, article 6754)

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  24. Perello, N., Trucchia, A., D'Andrea, M., Meschi, G., Ghasemiazma, F., Degli Esposti, S., Fiorucci, P., Ferraris, L., Gollini, A. & Negro, D. — “Fuel-aware forest fire danger rating system RISICO: a comparative study for Italy”, International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2025, 34(9), WF25023, doi:10.1071/WF25023, 19 pp., open access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  25. Plucinski, M.P. — "Fighting Flames and Forging Firelines: Wildfire Suppression Effectiveness at the Fire Edge", Current Forestry Reports, 2019

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context

  26. Rossa, C.G., Davim, D.A., Sil, Â. & Fernandes, P.M. — "Field-based generic empirical flame length–fireline intensity relationships for wildland surface fires", International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2024, 33, WF23127, doi:10.1071/WF23127, 11 pp., open access CC BY-NC-ND

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  27. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th ed., Springer, 2016

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context

  28. Vaz, R., Maia, P., Keizer, J., Fernandes, P., Pereira, S.C. & Carvalho, D. — “An integrated framework for habitat restoration in fire-prone areas. Part 2 – fire hazard assessment of the different land management scenarios”, International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2024, 33(11), WF24044, doi:10.1071/WF24044, 17 pp., open access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  29. Wheatley, M., Johnston, J.M., Wotton, B.M., Woolford, D.G. & Martell, D.L. — “Assessing wildland fire suppression effectiveness with infrared imaging on experimental fires”, International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2025, 34(1), WF24161, doi:10.1071/WF24161, open access CC BY 4.0

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  30. Wylie, E.B. & Streeter, V.L. — Fluid Transients in Systems, Prentice Hall (1978 / 1993)

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context

  31. Yang, Melachrinoudis, Kubat & Smith — "Fireline path optimisation in a heterogeneous forest landscape", International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2022, 31(11), 1068–1079, doi:10.1071/WF22037

    Type
    Papers
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication
Reports (46)

  1. Haston, D.V. & McKenzie, D.W. — Friction Loss in Wildland Hose Lays, Fire Management Tech Tips 0651 1309–SDTDC, USDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology & Development Center, December 2006

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    pumps and relay
    Open the publication

  2. Ault, R. — Field performance evaluation of Wickman-100™ fire pump, FERIC (Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada), Hinton AB, August 2005 (FPInnovations library no. 9380)

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  3. Country Fire Authority (Victoria) — CFA Pocket Guide — Pump Charts (pocket reference card), undated; mirrored by a CFA member's site

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  4. New Zealand Fire Service (now Fire and Emergency New Zealand) — Hoses Technical Manual (HOS-tc), Version 1, 7 Jul 2011, amended 15 Dec 2015 (Operational Instruction under the Fire Service Act 1975 s.27(A))

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  5. NSW Rural Fire Service — Use of Water and Water Chemical Mixes (foundational doctrine), version 1.1, undated

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  6. Thomasson, J. — Evaluation of remote-start pump systems for use in wildfire/structure protection, FPInnovations Wildfire Operations Research, July 2011 (library no. 9350)

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  7. CORDIS / European Commission — FIRE-IN project fact sheet (2017–2022)

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  8. CORDIS / European Commission — TREEADS project fact sheet (2021–2025)

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  9. FIRE-RES (Horizon Europe) — deliverables and reports list

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  10. Fernandes, P.M., Sil, Â., Ascoli, D., Cruz, M.G., Rossa, C.G. & Alexander, M.E. — “Characterizing fire behavior across the globe”, in Hood, S.M., Drury, S., Steelman, T. & Steffens, R. (eds), Proceedings of the Fire Continuum — Preparing for the future of wildland fire, Missoula MT, 21–24 May 2018, Proceedings RMRS-P-78, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins CO, 2020, pp. 258–263

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  11. George, C.W. & Johnson, G.M. — Developing air tanker performance guidelines, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report INT-268, Ogden UT, 1990, 100 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  12. NWCG — Glossary of Wildland Fire Terminology, PMS 205, October 2014

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  13. USDA Forest Service — Specification 5100–274F, Pump, Lightweight Portable, issue date October 2024 (supersedes 5100-274e, June 2009), 24 pp.; the 2009 edition is held alongside as usfs-5100-274e-2009.pdf

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  14. Ault, R., Campbell, R., Gough, D. — Demonstration: Trident Pump – high pressure, high volume, versatile pump, FPInnovations InfoNote 2017 n.29, Oct 2017

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  15. Barnes, D., Baxter, G., Miller, E. — Moisture changes from sprinkler watering, FPInnovations InfoNote 2017 n.22, July 2017

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  16. BC Wildfire Service — WSPP-WFF-1 Wildland Fire Operations & Safety – Student Manual (for the structural fire fighter), rev. Jan 2025

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  17. BC Wildfire Service / Province of British Columbia — S-100 Basic Fire Suppression and Safety, Trainee Manual 2021 (© 2020; content by K. Johnston, D. Mortimer, P. Meaden), 143 pp.; Section 9 "Water Delivery Systems"

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  18. CIFFC — WFX-FIT work-fitness standard pages (equipment / test)

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  19. Higgins, D.G. — Performance of Wajax Mark 3 centrifugal pump with respect to suction lift, length of hose and discharge head, Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Fire Research Institute, Information Report FF-X-36, December 1972, 36 pp. (second in the series; FF-X-33 is the first)

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context

  20. Hsieh, R. — Choosing a high-volume water delivery system for ground-based suppression (literature review), FPInnovations WFTR2024N1, July 2024

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  21. Hsieh, R. — Use of a mobile water delivery system in wildfire operations (Trident, 2021 case study), FPInnovations Report TR2022N1, 2022

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  22. Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources — Basic Forest Fire Suppression Course (online), Lesson 4 pages wajax.asp, backtank.asp, undated

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  23. Opdendries, J. (Battalion Chief) with Alberta Wildfire, AEMA, Government of Alberta — Alberta Wildland Urban Interface Pocket Guide / Reference Guide, 2022

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  24. Refai, R. — Log-deck fire suppression using high volume water delivery systems, FPInnovations Report TR2022N3, 2022

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  25. Refai, R. & Hsieh, R. — Area-Based Water Delivery Systems – exploratory research on logistics, water delivery and localized impacts, FPInnovations TR2021N1, 2021

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  26. Refai, R. & Hsieh, R. — Use of high-volume water delivery systems in peat fires – a case study in Central Alberta, FPInnovations TR2022N4, Jan 2022

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  27. Stack, A. — Satellite-Controlled Wildfire Pumps: Technology Scan and User Survey, FPInnovations WF InfoNote 2024 n.5, Dec 2024

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  28. Stechishen, E. — Measurement of the Effectiveness of Water as a Fire Suppressant, progress report on Project F-67, Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Fire Research Institute, Information Report FF-X-23, Ottawa, May 1970, 19 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  29. Stechishen, E. & Little, E.C. — Water Application Depths Required for Extinguishment of Low Intensity Fires in Forest Fuels, Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Fire Research Institute, Information Report FF-X-29, Ottawa, May 1971, 65 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  30. Van Wagner, C.E. & Taylor, S.W. — Theoretical Amounts of Water to Put Out Forest Fires, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Information Report BC-X-458, 2022 (majority written 1973), Cat. Fo143-2/458E-PDF, ISBN 978-0-660-44888-6, 18 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  31. Walkinshaw, S., Schroeder, D., Hvenegaard, S. — Evaluating the Effectiveness of FireSmart™ Priority Zones for Structure Protection, FPInnovations Wildfire Operations Research, Project Note, Jan 2012

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context

  32. Bushfire Centre of Excellence, DFES (WA) — Guidelines for Operating Private Equipment at Fires, Feb 2022 (adapted from a CFA document)

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  33. CFA Victoria — Forestry Industry Brigades Equipment Specifications and Guidelines (Appendix 2), v2.1.1, created 2012, modified 17/8/2021

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  34. CFA Victoria — Forestry Industry Brigades Training Specifications and Guidelines (Appendix 3), Ed. 4.4

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  35. Loane, I.T. & Gould, J.S. — Aerial Suppression of Bushfires: Cost-Benefit Study for Victoria (Project Aquarius), National Bushfire Research Unit, CSIRO Division of Forest Research, Canberra, April 1986, 319 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  36. Plucinski, M. (CSIRO) — Review of aerial suppression effectiveness research literature, Natural Hazards Research Australia, Report No. 45.2025, v1.0, 25 March 2025

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  37. Thorne, P.F., Theobald, C.R. & Mahendran, P. — Pressure Losses in UK Fire Hose, Fire Research Note No. 1036, Joint Fire Research Organization (Department of the Environment / Fire Offices’ Committee), Fire Research Station, Borehamwood, September 1975, 32 pp. © Crown copyright 1975 / © BRE Trust (non-commercial research use granted with citation)

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  38. West Yorkshire / South Yorkshire FRS reporting — HVPU deployment, Bradfield Moor wildfire, 2025

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    operational context

  39. Albini, F.A. (1976) Estimating wildfire behavior and effects, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-30, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 92 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  40. Albini, F.A. & Baughman, R.G. (1979) Estimating windspeeds for predicting wildland fire behavior, USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-RP-221, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 12 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  41. Anderson, H.E. (1969) Heat transfer and fire spread, USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-69, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 20 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  42. Andrews, P.L. & Chase, C.H. (1989) BEHAVE: Fire Behavior Prediction and Fuel Modeling System — BURN Subsystem, Part 2, National Wildfire Coordinating Group, PMS 439-3 / NFES 0277, 96 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  43. Burgan, R.E. & Rothermel, R.C. (1984) BEHAVE: Fire Behavior Prediction and Fuel Modeling System — FUEL Subsystem, National Wildfire Coordinating Group, PMS 439-1 / NFES 0275, 126 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  44. Rothermel, R.C. (1972) A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels, USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-115, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 40 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  45. Rothermel, R.C. (1983) How to predict the spread and intensity of forest and range fires, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-GTR-143, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 161 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication

  46. Scott, J.H. & Burgan, R.E. (2005) Standard fire behavior fuel models: a comprehensive set for use with Rothermel's surface fire spread model, USDA Forest Service RMRS-GTR-153, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 72 pp.

    Type
    Reports
    Use
    scientific context
    Open the publication
Manufacturers (63)

  1. Rosenbauer International AG — FOX III Betriebsanleitung, 22.11.2005 Rev. 01, 66 pp. (German)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    hydraulics and the quick method

  2. Rosenfire (for Regione Puglia / ARIF) — Manuale d'uso A710T021, Mercedes Unimog U219 "SKID 2500 TANDEM HYD" (scarrabile), 116 pp.; with course slides T021-corso (22) and T022-corso (13) and A1 drawings A710T021.00 / A710T022.00

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    hydraulics and the quick method

  3. Vanetti & Chevallard (CNVVF officer; Italian delegate CEN TC192-WG8) — Interventi con tubazioni di piccolo diametro e lance a getto cavo, Sapin (monograph, manufacturer-hosted), undated (web upload 07/2025)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    hydraulics and the quick method
    Open the publication

  4. WATERAX Inc. — BB-4 Owner's Manual, 4/2016, 36 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    hydraulics and the quick method

  5. WATERAX Inc. — MARK-3 Owner's Manual, Pub. No. 701247 Rev. 2, 04/2015 (1st ed. 03/2015; 03/2016 print identical; Italian translation identical in content)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    hydraulics and the quick method
    Open the publication

  6. Wildfire Equipment Inc. (WATERAX, ex-Wajax, Montréal) — Portable fire pumps product catalogue ("WAJAX 1186"), 2011/03, 28 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    hydraulics and the quick method

  7. Australia Wide Fire Supplies — Technical Data Sheet: Lay Flat Fire Hose, rev. 5 Aug 2020 (AS 2792-certified product line)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    pumps and hoses
    Open the publication

  8. Albert Ziegler GmbH — Ultra Power 4 Tragkraftspritze, Datenblatt (German), undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  9. Albert Ziegler GmbH (via Braco dealer mirror, Norway) — Ultra Power 4 brochure (English), undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  10. Angus Fire (Thame, Oxfordshire) — LD1800 Light Weight Portable Diesel Pump datasheet, doc 6336/3, 07.2012

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library

  11. Angus Fire Ltd (Bentham, Lancaster) — Duraline Covered Fire Hose datasheet, doc 5285/15, 07.2023

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library

  12. Australian Pump Industries Pty Ltd — Aussie Quik Prime Petrol Drive Fire Fighting Pumps spec sheet, Oct 2023 revision

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  13. Canevari / SAF — Vasca antincendio autoportante SAF 1011 product sheet, undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  14. Empl / Hydrofighter (Austria) — Tragkraftspritze Hydrofighter datasheet, undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  15. Godiva Ltd (IDEX, Warwick) — Prima P1/P2 Installation and Operation Manual, GP/287 Issue 5, 06.2016

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library

  16. HAKA (France) — Motopompe remorquable MPR 1000/15 Essence datasheet, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  17. Honda Motor Co. — Owner’s Manual, GX120 · GX160 · GX200 (Honda Europe publication 32ZH7620), section “High altitude operation”, p. 15

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  18. Husky Portable Containment (US) — Standard Portable Folding Frame Tanks product page, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  19. Rosenbauer International AG — Tragkraftspritze FOX, PFPN 10-2000, Datenblatt pc118, 2024-09

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  20. Safco Italia — Vasca flessibile autoportante product page, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  21. Vallfirest — Ficha técnica: kit extinción alta presión 450 L, 18 CV, bomba de pistones, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  22. Vallfirest — Membrane skid datasheet (AR813 / AR1064 / AR503), current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  23. WATERAX Inc. — BB-4®-D902 Data Sheet (Kubota D902-E4B diesel, vehicle-mount), undated (post-2021)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  24. WATERAX Inc. — MARK-3® Data Sheet (DS-20140924), 03/2015

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  25. WATERAX Inc. — MARK-3® Pump Specification Document, 05/2015

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  26. WATERAX Inc. — MK3-WW Data Sheet (MARK-3® Watson Edition with integrated fuel tank), 03/2026

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  27. WATERAX Inc. — Portable Pumps Product Guide 2017

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  28. WATERAX Inc. — Portable Pumps Product Guide 2021 (Watson Edition intro ≈ 2020 within)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    equipment library
    Open the publication

  29. Akron Brass — Style 1030 Forestry Handline Nozzle product page, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  30. Akron Brass / IDEX — EN 15182-2:2019 Annex C test report, Style 4802 "Assault", undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  31. Albert Ziegler GmbH — Ultra Power 4 — portable pump PFPN 10-1000 · 10-1500, English brochure, April 2025 edition, 8 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  32. Angus Fire — LWA500 Mk3 Light Weight Portable Pump datasheet, ref. 6337 (undated; PDF produced 2017), 2 pp. — text-extractable copy

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  33. Annovi Reverberi S.p.A. — company homepage, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  34. Cristanini S.p.A. — company homepage, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  35. Feuerwehrdiscount (retailer) — Druckschläuche nach DIN 14811 lexicon page

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  36. GFD Katalog (dealer mirror) — Rosenbauer BEAVER datasheet

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  37. Hispamast (retailer) — ¿Cuál elegir? Bomba de extinción de incendios forestales (membrana, pistones, centrífuga), undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  38. Hispamast (retailer) — Línea de agua para ataque directo a incendios forestales, undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  39. Latakva (Baltic retailer) — Tohatsu VE1000 datasheet page, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  40. Latakva (Baltic retailer) — Tohatsu VE1500 datasheet page, current

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  41. Magirus GmbH — EquipmentLine brochure, Oct 2024

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  42. OSW Eschbach — DIN 14811 Schlauchklassen / Leistungsstufen

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  43. Rosenbauer International AG — BEAVER Portable Pump (PFPN 10-750) datasheet, English edition PC119_DB_EN_2025-12 (model year MY25), 2 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  44. Rosenbauer International AG — FOX Portable Pump (PFPN 10-2000/1500/1000) datasheet, English edition PC118_DB_EN_2025-12 (model year MY24), 2 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  45. Rosenbauer International AG — OTTER Diesel Portable Pump datasheet, English edition KR131_DB_EN_2025-12, 2 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  46. Rosenbauer International AG — OTTER Portable Pump (PFPN 6-500) datasheet, English edition KR112_DB_EN_2025-12, 2 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  47. Vallfirest — "A centrifugal, membrane or piston pump: which is the best for wildland fires?" (technical article, vallfirest.com)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context

  48. Vallfirest — product catalogue (incl. WATERAX WICK), via Yumpu, undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  49. Vallfirest Tecnologías Forestales (vft frontline) — BP4 fire pump / Black Panther 4 data sheet, ed. 2021-11-17 (an earlier ed. 2021-06-15 of the same sheet is filed alongside), 8 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  50. Vallfirest Tecnologías Forestales (vft frontline) — Fire Pump BH4-18 data sheet, ed. 2021-11-18, 6 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  51. Mercedes Textiles Limited — Hose Catalogue (municipal, forestry, industrial and snowmaking hose lines), English, undated, 35 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  52. Mercedes Textiles Ltd — KnowYourHose.com hose-specs page and "Go with the Flow" article, undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  53. Task Force Tips, Inc. — Manual: In-Line Foam Eductor, LIU-330 rev 08, 16 November 2017; with the Buckeye Fire Equipment In-Line Eductors / Proportioners technical sheet as a cross-check

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  54. WATERAX Inc. — "About us: timeline"

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  55. WATERAX Inc. — BB-4-D902 Diesel Data Sheet — high-pressure 4-stage fire pump, edition 06/2026, 8 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  56. WATERAX Inc. — blog "Moving Water in the Wildland Urban Interface: Lessons from the Field", undated

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  57. WATERAX Inc. — blog "The Pump That Became a Legend", undated (post-2023)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  58. WATERAX Inc. — STRIKER-3 Data Sheet (3-stage centrifugal, Honda GX390), undated current edition

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  59. WATERAX Inc. — VERSAX Portable & Wrap-Around Data Sheet (VS2-6 / VS2-9, self-priming 2-stage), edition 05/2025, 6 pp.

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  60. GAAM Emergency Products (Australia) — fire pumps product page; third-party spec confirmation (safetysolutions.net.au, MK300 up to 1 400 L/min, 1 580 kPa)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  61. Angus Fire (UK) — product pages for AP800, AP2000, LWA500 Mk3, LD1800, LDA600 (angusfire.co.uk); LWA500 datasheet angusfire.co.uk/s/6337-LWA500-Mk3-epsf.pdf (image PDF, not parsed)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  62. Angus Fire (USA) / Goodyear Rubber Products, Exton PA — Angus Fire Hose Product Guide (incl. "Wildland & Forestry Fire Hose": Super Inch / Super Marshall, AF187 to USFS 5100-187), undated (≈ 2013–2018)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context

  63. Godiva Ltd (Warwick) — portable pumps page (Blaze Warrior, PowerFlow) and GV10000 page (godiva.co.uk)

    Type
    Manufacturers
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication
Data (37)

  1. AWS Open Data / Tilezen (Mapzen) — Terrain Tiles (Terrarium PNG 256 px, zoom 0–15), built 2017 from EU-DEM (25–30 m) for Italy, SRTM / GMTED elsewhere; not updated since

    Type
    Data
    Use
    terrain elevation
    Open the publication

  2. European Space Agency / Copernicus — Copernicus DEM GLO-30 (WorldDEM-30 © DLR 2010–2014, © Airbus DS 2014–2018), 1° × 1° COG tiles on AWS

    Type
    Data
    Use
    terrain elevation
    Open the publication

  3. Mapterhorn — open terrain tiles (Terrarium encoding, 512 px WebP lossless), project started Sept 2025, NLnet-funded; fuses Copernicus GLO-30 with national / regional open DTMs (Italy: TINITALY 1.1, PAT LiDAR 2014/2018, Lombardia 5 m, Piemonte ICE 5 m, Bolzano 2.5 m, Aosta 2 m, Sardegna, Sicilia)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    terrain elevation
    Open the publication

  4. OpenTopoData — public elevation API (datasets eudem25m, srtm30m, srtm90m, aster30m, mapzen, ned10m, nzdem8m, bkg200m, etopo1, gebco2020, emod2018); EU-DEM © European Union, Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (removed from copernicus.eu Jan 2024, mirror files.gpxz.io)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    terrain elevation
    Open the publication

  5. Regional LiDAR / photogrammetric DTMs fused by Mapterhorn and served by regional GeoServers: Provincia Autonoma di Trento LiDAR PAT 2014/2018 5 m (CC BY 2.5); Regione Lombardia DTM 5 m 2015 (CC BY 4.0); Regione Piemonte ICE 2009–2011 DTM 5 m (CC BY 4.0); Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano DGM 2.5 m (CC0); Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta DTM 2 m (CC BY 4.0). Regione Veneto DTM 5 m esiste ma NON risulta fra le fonti fuse da Mapterhorn (manifesto del fornitore verificato 2026-08-24, external/10 §3.3): resta un candidato per un'integrazione WCS diretta, non un dato già presente nei tile

    Type
    Data
    Use
    terrain elevation
    Open the publication

  6. Tarquini, S., Isola, I., Favalli, M., Battistini, A., Dotta, G. (2023) — TINITALY, a digital elevation model of Italy with a 10 meters cell size (Version 1.1), INGV; CC BY 4.0, citation required

    Type
    Data
    Use
    terrain elevation
    Open the publication

  7. AGEA — GeoPortale nazionale, ortofoto 2022 / 2023 / 2024, 20 cm, copertura nazionale

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  8. basemap.at (Cooperation OGD Österreich, Länder austriaci) — layer bmaporthofoto30cm, 30 cm, 15 cm nelle aree di dettaglio

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  9. Copernicus / ESA — VHR Image Mosaic 2021, mosaico senza soluzione di continuità EEA39, 2 m, da Copernicus Contributing Missions

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  10. Endpoint WMS/WMTS fornito dall'utente a tempo di esecuzione (Basemaps.customWms) — nessuna fonte specifica, per costruzione

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds

  11. EOX IT Services GmbH — EOxCloudless / Sentinel-2 cloudless 2024 mosaic (cloud-free Sentinel-2 composite, 10 m native), WMTS raster tiles; s2maps.eu now 301s to cloudless.eox.at

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  12. Esri — ArcGIS Static Basemap Tiles service, stile open/hybrid/detail (satellitare, l'unico documentato in questa famiglia), 512 px, z0–22 (keyed)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  13. Geoportale Nazionale (MASE) / IGM — WMS IGM 1:25 000 (layers CB.IGM25000.32, CB.IGM25000.33; EPSG 3857 / 25832 / 32632 / 32633)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  14. IGN France / Géoplateforme — couche ORTHOIMAGERY.ORTHOPHOTOS, photographies aériennes, tile matrix set PM_0_19

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  15. MapTiler — Topo v2 / Outdoor v2 / Satellite raster tiles and Terrain-RGB v2 (keyed)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  16. OpenStreetMap Foundation — Open Database License 1.0 and the attribution / derivative-database guidance of the Licence Working Group

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  17. OpenStreetMap Foundation — standard tile layer; tile usage policy

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  18. OpenStreetMap wiki — tag documentation for emergency=fire_hydrant, emergency=suction_point, emergency=water_tank, emergency=fire_water_pond, and the secondary keys fire_hydrant:type, couplings, water_source, flow_rate

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  19. OpenTopoMap (CC-BY-SA 3.0) — topographic raster tiles with contours and hillshade, max z17

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  20. Overpass API — read-only query API over OpenStreetMap data ("acts as a database over the web"), query language Overpass QL; main public instance operated by FOSSGIS, version 0.7.62.11 on 2 servers (16 physical cores, 128 GB RAM, NVMe SSD each). Server software GNU AGPL v3; the data it returns is OSM data under ODbL 1.0

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  21. Protezione Civile Regionale FVG — DTM_01_PCRFVG, modello digitale del terreno a maglia 1 m da rilievo LiDAR 2006–2010 (densità media 4 punti/m²), scala equivalente 1:2000, 992 Elementi 5000

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  22. Protezione Civile Regionale FVG — Ortofoto 2012 PCFVG, 10 cm in pianura e 20 cm in area montana (scala equivalente 1:2000)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  23. Provincia autonoma di Bolzano, Ufficio Pianificazione territoriale e cartografia — Ortofoto 2023 RGB, 20 cm, ripresa 3–5 marzo 2023

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  24. Provincia Autonoma di Trento — SIAT GeoServer WMS (layers stem:ctp2025_bn_00, stem:ctp2020_bn_00, LiDAR hillshades stem:2014_agg_2018_dtm_135_10)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  25. Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Servizio Geologico — Ortofoto Digitale 2015 (OFD), volo 2015, RGB

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  26. Regional geoportals (Lombardia, Piemonte, FVG, Emilia-Romagna, Toscana) — GeoServer / MapServer WMS / WMTS, mostly CC BY 4.0

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds

  27. Regione autonoma Valle d'Aosta — Ortofoto 2024, 20 cm, volo 21 ago – 2 nov 2024, intero territorio regionale

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  28. Regione del Veneto — IDT-RV 2.0 WMS/WMTS ortofoto (layers rv:Ortofoto2018_Veneto, ortofoto_2021)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  29. Regione del Veneto — IDT-RV 2.0 WMTS / WMS (layers rv:ctr_col, rv:ctrr, rv:DTM_RV_5m_3003, rv:c0103032_isoipse — le ortofoto NON sono qui: stanno in DATA-VENETO-IDT-RV2-ORTOFOTO, con un divieto di riproduzione opposto)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  30. Regione Puglia — SIT WMS services for CTR / Ortofoto 2023 (webapps.sit.puglia.it, pugliacon.regione.puglia.it/web/sit-puglia-sit/wms)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds

  31. Regione Toscana — ortofoto digitale a colori 2023, GSD di ripresa 15 cm, prodotto 20 cm (volo CGR SpA, sensori Leica DMC3/DMC4)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  32. Sources considered and rejected for elevation: Open-Elevation public API (SRTM resampled to 250 m), Google Elevation API (keyed, billed, closed data, no offline), Mapbox Terrain-RGB v1 (frozen since 2021-12-01; keyed)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  33. Stadia Maps — Stadia Outdoors and Stamen Terrain raster tiles (keyed), max z20

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  34. Thunderforest — Outdoors / Landscape / OpenCycleMap raster tiles (keyed)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  35. Tracestrack Topo — raster / vector tiles (console.tracestrack.com)

    Type
    Data
    Use
    map backgrounds
    Open the publication

  36. Geofabrik GmbH — daily OpenStreetMap extracts for Italy and its five sub-regions (Nord-Ovest, Nord-Est, Centro, Sud, Isole) as .osm.pbf (plus .osc.gz diffs, .poly boundaries, per-sub-region .gpkg.zip); public files carry no user names, user ids or changeset ids

    Type
    Data
    Use
    offline packs
    Open the publication

  37. ISTAT — Confini delle unità amministrative a fini statistici al 1° gennaio 2026: generalised and non-generalised administrative boundaries (regions, provinces / sovracomunali units, municipalities), yearly editions from 1991/2001/2011 and annually from 2002, shapefile in WGS84 UTM 32N with .prj and UTF-8 .cpg

    Type
    Data
    Use
    offline packs
    Open the publication
Other (31)

  1. Wikipedia (DE) — Löschwasserförderung über lange Wegstrecken, rolling article

    Type
    Other
    Use
    fire-service hydraulics
    Open the publication

  2. Firehouse Magazine — "Relay Pumping Operations" (instructor-guide-style technical article), undated

    Type
    Other
    Use
    friction losses

  3. Pumps & Systems (trade technical publication) — "Wear Ring Clearance for Centrifugal Pumps" (with AccendoReliability / Maintenance World guidance from the same search cluster)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    friction losses

  4. CTIF — Forest Fires Commission page

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  5. Cyprus Government Libraries OPAC — catalogue record of the UK Fire Service Manual Vol. 2 (Hydraulics)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  6. Dipartimento della Protezione Civile — Allegato: Attività antincendio boschivo (AIB) per la stagione estiva 2022. Raccomandazioni per un più efficace contrasto agli incendi boschivi, di interfaccia ed ai rischi conseguenti, prot. PRE/0021988 del 19-05-2022, 6 pp.

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  7. European Fire Service Colleges' Association — documents page

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  8. Feuerwehr-UB.de — DIN 14811 Druckschläuche (prEN 1924 history)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  9. Fireworld.at — press coverage "Ziegler präsentiert Tragkraftspritze Ultra Power der neuesten Generation", 2022-10-13

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  10. France Sélection (reseller) — product page GNR Manœuvres feux de forêts

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  11. Freiwillige Feuerwehr Breiningsham/Ponner (AT) — Tragkraftspritze Fox 3 page

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  12. vocabulaire-pompier.fr — Les lances des Sapeurs-Pompiers (débits), undated

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  13. Wikipedia (DE) — Feuerwehrschlauch, rolling (re-fetched and confirmed)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  14. Wikipedia (IT) — Idrante, current

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  15. Wikipedia (IT) — Manichetta antincendio, current

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  16. Fire Apparatus Magazine — "Coordinating High-Volume Water Supply Operations"

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  17. Fire Engineering — "Fire Pumping Calculations: Every Pump Operator's Basic Equation" (2020 update)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  18. Fire Engineering — "Universal Friction Loss Formula" (history of FL = C·Q²·L; Eastern Maine Vocational Technical Institute, 1975)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  19. Firehouse Magazine — "Water Shuttle Operations"; National Fire Academy EFO papers Planning for Water Shuttle Operations and Developing a Comprehensive Rural Water Supply (apps.usfa.fema.gov, not fetched)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  20. FireRescue1 — "How to calculate and overcome friction loss"

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  21. Fresno County Fire Protection District (CAL FIRE contract county) — Guidelines for Calculating NFPA 1142 Minimum Water Supply, undated

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  22. Yass River (NSW) Bush Fire Brigade — Relay Pumping (1-page study note), undated

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context
    Open the publication

  23. BBC News — Saddleworth Moor wildfire coverage, 2018

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  24. Delta Fire (UK hose supplier) — fire hoses page (BS 6391 Types 1 / 2 / 3)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  25. Dorset & Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service — High Volume Pump page (dsfire.gov.uk; 404 at fetch time)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  26. Gulf Fire (trade publication) — "An overview of UK high volume pumps", undated

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  27. National Fire Chiefs Council — National Operational Guidance site (nfcc.org.uk/nog/; ukfrs.com scenario pages)

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  28. Vigil Products (UK hose supplier) — Type 3 fire hose page

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  29. Wikipedia — Godiva Fire Pumps article, accessed 2026

    Type
    Other
    Use
    operational context

  30. Mapbox — Vector Tile Specification 2.1: Tile.layers = 3; Layer name 1, features 2, keys 3, values 4, extent 5 (default 4096), version 15; Feature id 1, tags 2 (packed), type 3, geometry 4 (packed); Value string 1, float 2, double 3, int64 4, uint64 5, sint64 6, bool 7; GeomType UNKNOWN 0 / POINT 1 / LINESTRING 2 / POLYGON 3; CommandInteger = (id & 0x7) | (count << 3) with MoveTo 1, LineTo 2, ClosePath 7 and zigzag parameters

    Type
    Other
    Use
    offline packs
    Open the publication

  31. Protomaps — PMTiles specification, version 3: 127-byte header (magic PMTiles + version byte at offset 7, u64 LE offsets/lengths for root directory 8/16, metadata 24/32, leaf directories 40/48, tile data 56/64, counts 72/80/88, clustered 96, internal compression 97, tile compression 98, tile type 99, min/max zoom 100/101, min position 102, max position 110, centre zoom 118, centre position 119); Hilbert tile ordering; column-oriented directories (varint entry count, delta tile ids, run lengths, lengths, offsets) with 0 meaning "contiguous with the previous entry"; compression enum 0 unknown / 1 none / 2 gzip / 3 brotli / 4 zstd

    Type
    Other
    Use
    offline packs
    Open the publication

Data, licences and attributions

Territorial data and resources retain their respective owners' licences. Terms may vary by source, area and acquisition year: data that can be viewed online is not necessarily reusable or available for offline download.

Cartography and water points
Elevation
  • Mapterhorn — licences vary per constituent source; no single licence declared

    Mapterhorn composes its elevation tiles from 148 national and regional data sources (list: https://download.mapterhorn.com/attribution.json, verified 2026-08-25), each under its own licence. There is no single attribution formula to reproduce verbatim here: the source itself points to the full list instead of declaring one.

    https://mapterhorn.com/attribution

  • AWS Terrain Tiles (Tilezen) — licences vary per constituent source, listed in the text
    * ArcticDEM terrain data DEM(s) were created from DigitalGlobe, Inc., imagery and funded under National Science Foundation awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736; * Australia terrain data © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2017; * Austria terrain data © offene Daten Österreichs – Digitales Geländemodell (DGM) Österreich; * Canada terrain data contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada; * Europe terrain data produced using Copernicus data and information funded by the European Union - EU-DEM layers; * Global ETOPO1 terrain data U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration * Mexico terrain data source: INEGI, Continental relief, 2016; * New Zealand terrain data Copyright 2011 Crown copyright (c) Land Information New Zealand and the New Zealand Government (All rights reserved); * Norway terrain data © Kartverket; * United Kingdom terrain data © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2015. All rights reserved; * United States 3DEP (formerly NED) and global GMTED2010 and SRTM terrain data courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.

    https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md

  • TINITALY 1.1 (INGV) — CC BY 4.0, citation required
    Tarquini S., I. Isola, M. Favalli, A. Battistini, G. Dotta (2023). TINITALY, a digital elevation model of Italy with a 10 meters cell size (Version 1.1). Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/tinitaly/1.1. Tarquini S., I. Isola, M. Favalli, F. Mazzarini, M. Bisson, M.T. Pareschi, E. Boschi (2007). TINITALY/01: a new triangular irregular network of Italy. Annals of Geophysics. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4424.

    https://doi.org/10.13127/tinitaly/1.1

Fuel
  • Fuel classification: FIREBOX D1.1
    Gamba, R., Passamani, C., Moris, J.V., Spadoni, G.L., Rainsford, F. & Ascoli, D. (2026) D1.1 Fuel type classification and national fuel dataset, PRIN PNRR Project FIRE-BOX (P2022MXRK9), NRRP Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.1, WP1 leader UNITO

    https://firebox.unimi.it/en/results-and-deliverables/

Typeface

Project credits

Tecnica - Formazione - Sicurezza s.r.l. (TFS): co-conception, design and development of WildRelay.

ICE & FIRE s.r.l.: co-conception and technical-scientific consultancy.